1. Basic Setup: Enter the System Frequency and the Source/Load Impedances. The center of the chart represents the Source Impedance ($Z_0$). The green point represents your target match (Source conjugate). The red point is the starting Load Impedance.

2. Adding Components: Use the dropdown at the top to add Series or Shunt components (L, C, R) or Transmission Lines. These will appear in the "Matching Network" pane.

3. Tuning the Match: Adjust the component values in the Cascade list. The chart draws the impedance trajectory (amber line) from Load towards Source. The goal is to move the final point (amber) onto the green target point to achieve a perfect match (VSWR = 1.0).

4. Interactivity: Hover your mouse over the chart to read the absolute Impedance ($Z$), Admittance ($Y$), Reflection Coefficient ($\Gamma$), and VSWR at any point on the grid.

Smith Chart Math: The reflection coefficient is $\Gamma = \frac{Z_L - Z_0}{Z_L + Z_0}$. The outer rim represents $|\Gamma| = 1$ (pure reactance).