Theory: PV yield is calculated using solar irradiance models based on the Hottel clear-sky model. The simulator adjusts the theoretical maximum irradiance (1367 W/m²) for atmospheric attenuation at different zenith angles.

The final Power output is calculated using the formula \(P = A \times r \times H \times PR\), where \(A\) is total solar panel Area, \(r\) is solar panel efficiency (typically ~15-20%), \(H\) is the solar radiation on tilted panels, and \(PR\) is the Performance Ratio (accounting for inverter/thermal losses, typically ~0.75).

The optimal tilt angle is derived from the site's latitude, adjusted dynamically for seasonal shifts in the sun's declination angle.