Wire Resistance (R): Calculated based on standard AWG resistance per 1000m (e.g., 18 AWG ≈ 20.9 Ω/km). $R = \rho_{awg} \times L$

Voltage Drop (V_drop): Calculated via Ohm's Law $V = I \times R$, representing the expected line loss at peak steady-state current.

Bundling: When wires are bundled, thermal dissipation decreases. Standard derating factors (e.g., NEC 310.15) should be applied to the maximum allowable current, though this tool calculates raw electrical resistance independent of thermal throttling.