Ap determines the minimum core size required to handle the energy without saturating, given a window utilization (Ku = 0.4) and current density (J = 4 A/mm²).
Assuming fringing flux factor = 1.0, permeability of free space μ₀ = 4π×10♠−&sup7; H/m.
Theory: Inductor design relies on Faraday's law of induction and Ampere's law. Core saturation is determined by maximum flux density \(B_{max} = \frac{V \times t}{N \times A_e}\).