Average Current: \( I_{avg} = \frac{(I_{active} \cdot T_{active}) + (I_{sleep} \cdot T_{sleep})}{T_{active} + T_{sleep}} \)

C-Rate: A measure of the rate at which a battery is discharged relative to its maximum capacity.

Aging: Batteries degrade over time and cycles. We apply an exponential decay model \( C_t = C_0 \cdot (1 - \text{loss})^{\text{years}} \) depending on the chemistry.